/Filter /FlateDecode The identity and individuation criteria required are constitutive, rather than epistemic, so we need not know (nor even be able to know) whether one property is the same as another in every particular case; it is the question of what makes it the case that one property is the same as another which is at issue. in 12-12-12 (background): Some Recipes for p-values, type 1 and 2 error probabilities, power,etc. Particulars qualities are thus more fundamental than universals are for the Vaieikathe former exist and are real, whereas the latter are merely realmaking Vaieika perhaps the earliest form of trope theory (Matilal 1990, ch. If it is contentious to consider green things as forming a kind, it seems even more so to include grue ones, or those which instantiate properties such as being on the eighth page of the first novel I read this year, being married to an ice-hockey fan, or being next to a marmoset. The three phrases examined here, with a view to elucidating theyfallaciesthey embody, are: Mathematicians without personal contact with the Natural Sciences have often been misled by such phrases. The Varieties of Instantiation Second, one might be concerned about how we should deal with d-relations to abstract objects. to whole lines in an argument, as long as the quantifier is attached to a line these rules For instance, in the actual world, particulars with like chargessuch as two electrons instantiating negative chargerepel each other. This section considers realism in the former sense and postpones discussion about the existence of properties until Section 8. /BBox [0 0 8 8] Such mechanisms are either intrinsic to the property cluster because some collections of properties are internally more stable than others, or they are extrinsic and the property cluster is maintained in a fairly stable state by the environment or some other causal mechanism.
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